Asthma is an incurable chronic airway pathology with a high prevalence that affects the quality of life of patients and generates an important socioeconomic impact. However, with timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment it is controlable, allowing the patient to carry out daily activities.

Datos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud indican que a nivel mundial en el 2019 el asma afectó a 262 millones de personas y causó 461,000 muertes. En México, aproximadamente el 7% de la población padece asma.

Asthma is the most common chronic disease in childhood and affects 14% of the child population worldwide. Eighty percent of adults with asthma have had symptoms since the first five years of life. There is evidence that children with asthma are at risk for abnormal lung growth, which means they may develop lifelong respiratory compromise and COPD.

Among the known factors that may promote the development of asthma are: genetic predisposition, exposure to environmental allergens, air pollution, lower respiratory tract infection early in life, the makeup of the airway microbiome, dietary factors and abnormal immune responses. However, among the identified risk factors for asthma that are potentially modifiable are smoking during pregnancy and the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics in the first year of life.