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- 02/12/2024
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The excessive increase in the accumulation of body fat is called obesity. Obesity is considered a chronic, multifactorial and neurobehavioral disease, where genetical, environmental and lifestyle aspects, including stress, are involved.
Obesity is the result of the balance between energy intake and energy input. Carbohydrates, proteins and fats are the main sources of energy for the body. When food ingested is not consumed as energy, it is stored, fat being the main store and origin of obesity.
Since 1975, obesity has nearly tripled worldwide. In 2016, more than 1.9 billion adults over the age of 18 were overweight, out of which, more than 650 million were obese, and there were more than 340 million children and adolescents who were overweight or obese. There are projections that report that by 2030, if there is no modification in the current increasing trends of obesity, 60% of the world´s population (3.3 billion people) could be overweight (2.2 billion) or obese (1.1 billion).
In Mexico, in 2016, 72.5% of adults were overweight or obese, and this increase has been greater among women of reproductive age and residents or rural areas.
Several chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiac ischemia, cerebrovascular diseases, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, hyperinsulinemia, osteoarticular diseases and some types of cancer, such as breast, prostate and liver cancer, have obesity as the main modifiable risk factor. In addition, obesity has an important contribution in the disability and early mortality of these diseases, affecting the quality of life of people and generating high costs for the health system.
The most commonly used indicators to identify obesity in adults are body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. BMI (Table 1) is defined as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters, BMI= Current weight (kg)/height (m)2.
Table 1. Classification of obesity by BMI in adults.
| Bajo peso | Normal | Sobrepeso | Obesidad grado I | Obesidad grado II | Obesidad grado III |
OMS | <18.5 | 18.5 – 24.9 | 25.0 – 29.9 | 30.0 – 34.9 | 35.0 – 39.9 | >40.0 |
NOM |
|
| o ≥ 23 y <25 en adultos de baja talla* | ≥30 o ≥25 en adultos de baja talla* | ||
* Short stature = height less than 1.50 meters in adult women and less than 1.60 meters in adult men.
The waist circumference classification of the Mexican Offical Standard allows to know if the patient has abdominal obesity (90 cm in men and 80 cm in women).
The measurement of the waist-to-hip ratio is considered the expression of the amount of intra-abdominal fat, and has aquired a predictive value for the risk of alterations and metabolic consequences of obesity. It is obtained by dividing the circumference at the level of the navel and the maximum circumference of the hips and buttocks. An index greater than 0.96 in men and 0.80 in women is predictive of increased risk of metabolic abnormalities.
In the case of infants, schoolchildren and adolescents, the World Health Organization (WHO) growth curves allow the identification of obesity based on the BMI Z-score.
The initial management of overweight or obese patients is based on lifestyle intervention combining the implementation of a balanced food intake, physical activity, exercise (5 to 7 days per week for 30 minutes) and behavioral modifications.
A patient with a MC greater than 30kg/m2 or 27 to 29.9 kg/m2 with comorbidities, who has not reached the weight loss goal, which is to lose at least 5% of total body weight at 3 to 6 months after initiation of an appropriate lifestyle change intervention, is a candidate for pharmacologic treatment.
The significant increase in obesity and overweight worldwide, and the morbidities that this entails together with the economic impact of health systems make it vitally important to increase efforts in the treatment of this pathology and the early intervention of health campaigns.
Liomont gives you the opportunity to prescribe a wide range of effective and safe medicines, certified to the highest quality standards (ISO 9001) and backed by our 85 years of experience.
Our commitment has always been to take care of your health and relief your pain. We are pleased to able to offer you and your family a wide variety of products to fight from overweight to flu.
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